Turning Waste into an Asset: Manure Management for Sustainable Dairy Farming

Better Protection with Covers

NEADAP compared traditional manure storage practices with various covers to protect manure from the elements. The results showed that during the dry season, temporary covers, especially those made of polyethene, significantly reduced nutrient losses compared to open piling. In contrast, during the rainy season, manure sheds and banana leaves demonstrated better preservation of nutrients compared to open storage, as they reduced nutrient losses from runoff due to rainfall.

Composting vs. Drying and Open Piling

The study also explored composting as an alternative to open piling and drying as practised by farmers. Pit composting in a lined pit, resulted in minimal nutrient losses but produced a moist end product which was difficult to handle. In contrast, heap compost and dried manure were easier to store, transport, and apply to fields, but considerable losses of nutrients seem to occur. Drying had the additional disadvantage of potentially containing weed seeds while a large area is needed to dry (see picture) and difficult during the rainy season

Insights from Farmers

Several farmers who implemented improved manure management practices shared their experiences. John Wakibiru increased his income by drying manure under a shed, selling "high-quality manure" to purchase animal feed.

John Wakibiru: "Drying manure under a shed has been a game-changer. Now I sell 'high-quality manure' and use the extra income to buy hay for my cows.

Henry Karanja successfully used bio-slurry in his vegetable farming, eliminating the need for synthetic fertilizers.

Henry Karanja: "Using bio-slurry in vegetable farming has allowed me to eliminate synthetic fertilizers, saving money and contributing to a more sustainable approach."

Mary Kahaki achieved significant crop improvement through bio-slurry composting.

Challenges

The discussion with farmers also highlighted challenges associated with improved manure management. Some methods, especially composting, were labour-intensive and posed financial constraints due to the need for inputs like covers. Time-consuming processes, especially during the rainy season, and inconsistent availability of composting materials were also challenges. Older farmers found manure management physically demanding.

Key Takeaways from the Focus Group Discussion

The focus group discussion involving 20 farmers and 7 extension officers brought to light essential aspects of manure management:

1. Environmental Concerns: Improper manure management raised concerns among neighbors and regulatory bodies due to contamination of adjacent farms and water bodies. This highlighted the need for better manure management to address environmental issues.
2. Cost-Effective Practices: Efficient manure management practices can significantly reduce production costs, enabling the redirection of financial resources to other essential areas like acquiring animal feed.
3. Path to Organic Farming: Proper manure management was recognized as a pathway to organic farming, a trend gaining momentum due to the higher value and demand for organic products in the market.

In conclusion, NEADAP's initiatives for improved manure management, including the use of covers, composting, and manure application, are transforming the way manure is managed in pilot farms. These practices not only enhance nutrient preservation but also contribute to the overall sustainability of dairy farming in East Africa. As the discussion with farmers revealed, these practices have the potential to increase farm income, reduce environmental impact, and pave the way for organic farming—a promising future for dairy farming in the region.